What Are RTK, PPK, CORS, Static and Kinematic Surveys? Which One Should You Choose?

In producing geographic data, accuracy and speed are the keys to a project's success. In fields such as surveying engineering, construction, mining and agriculture, providing precise position information is no longer just a preference but a necessity. In this article we explain RTK, PPK, CORS, static surveys and kinematic surveys, describe how they differ and share which one suits which project.

What Is RTK? (Real-Time Kinematic)

RTK (real-time kinematic) is a positioning method that corrects GNSS data in real time. An RTK system has a fixed reference station and a moving receiver (rover). Using the correction data from the fixed station, the system calculates the rover's position with centimetre-level precision.

Advantages:

• Gives results in real time
• High accuracy
• Ideal for dynamic settings such as drones, agricultural machinery and construction sites

Disadvantages:

• Depends on a mobile network or radio link
• The survey can be interrupted if the signal is lost

What Is PPK? (Post-Processed Kinematic)

PPK (post-processed kinematic) works much like RTK, but the position corrections are made by processing the data after it is collected, not in real time. This method is preferred especially for drone mapping.

Advantages:

• Not affected by site conditions (connection, signal)
• Gives more continuous data on drone flights
• Allows more flexible and secure data production

Disadvantages:

• Data cannot be checked instantly
• Needs processing time afterwards

What Is CORS? (Continuously Operating Reference Station)

CORS (continuously operating reference station) is a network of fixed GNSS receivers that run continuously. CORS data is needed for techniques such as RTK and PPK to work properly. In Türkiye this infrastructure is provided by the TUSAGA-Aktif system.

Benefits:

• Provides high-accuracy data
• Removes the need to set up an extra base station
• Saves time and money

What Is a Static Survey?

A static survey is based on a GNSS receiver collecting data at a fixed point for a set period. This method is usually used for setting up geodetic networks and producing high-accuracy control points.

Uses:

• Measuring C1, C2 and C3 control points
• Large-scale map production
• Monitoring ground movement

Advantages:

• Very high accuracy (millimetre level)
• Reliable over long distances

Disadvantages:

• Requires long data collection
• Does not give real-time results

What Is a Kinematic Survey?

A kinematic survey is a technique in which the GNSS receiver collects data continuously while moving. It is usually used in road projects, infrastructure sites and drone applications.

Advantages:

• Fast data collection
• Suitable for dynamic projects
• Allows mobile surveying

Disadvantages:

• Accuracy is lower than with static surveys
• Risk of signal loss or interruption

Which Survey Method Suits Which Project?

Conclusion

RTK, PPK, CORS, static and kinematic surveys are important tools that improve positional accuracy in many fields, above all surveying engineering. Choosing the right method for the project's needs brings big advantages in time and cost.

If you are not sure which survey method is right for your project, you can contact us for professional support.